# Domain System Guide: ICANN, Registry, Registrar

> Domain ke peeche teen naam, seedhi bhaasha mein

Free guide by bloopcommits (@bloopcommits) · https://bloopcommits.pages.dev/icann/

Domain kharida, paisa diya, par wo paisa aur wo naam kis system se guzarta hai? Ek domain ke peeche teen naam hote hain: ICANN, registry aur registrar. Is guide mein hum inhe ek teen manzil ki building ki tarah samjhenge: upar rulebook wali sanstha, beech mein register wali, neeche dukaan. Saath mein ye bhi: domain "khareeda" nahi jaata, ek ya zyada saal ka use karne ka haq milta hai, aur lene se pehle kya dekhna chahiye. Facts ICANN, IN Registry aur MDN ke official pages se liye gaye hain. Jahan meri salah hai, wahan saaf likha hai ki ye advice hai, rule nahi.

## Teen manzil ki building

| Manzil | Naam | Kaam, seedhi bhaasha mein |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sabse upar | ICANN | Nonprofit sanstha, jo internet ke naam aur numbers ko duniya bhar mein coordinate karti hai aur unki policy banati hai. |
| Beech mein | Registry (registry operator) | Ek ending (TLD), jaise .com ya .in, ke saare registered naamon ka master database sambhalti hai. |
| Sabse neeche | Registrar | Wo dukaan jiske through tum domain register karte ho. Naam registry ki requirements poori karta hai ya nahi, ye check karke use sahi registry ko bhej deti hai. |
| Building ke bahar | Registrant (yaani tum) | Jo domain register karta hai. Registration par tum registrar ke saath contract karte ho. |

## ICANN: rulebook wali sanstha, court nahi

ICANN ke apne page ke hisaab se ye ek not-for-profit sanstha hai, jo internet ko secure, stable aur interoperable rakhne ke liye kaam karti hai. Wo internet ke unique identifiers, yaani naam aur numbers, ko duniya bhar mein coordinate karti hai, aur unki policy banati hai. Kuch log ise "internet ki supreme court" bol dete hain, par ICANN ke page mein use court ya regulator nahi likha gaya. Isliye is guide mein hum use rulebook banane wali sanstha bolte hain.

## Registry: har ending ki apni

ICANN ki glossary ke mutabik registry operator wo sanstha hai jo ek khaas top-level domain (TLD) ke saare registered domain names ka master database rakhti hai. Matlab har ending ka apna bada register hota hai: .com ka alag, .in ka alag.

.in ki baat karein to IN Registry ke page par likha hai ki IN Registry hi official .IN registry hai, aur wo NIXI, yaani National Internet Exchange of India, ke authority mein chalti hai. Wahin ye bhi likha hai ki .IN names kai registrars ke through mil jaate hain.

## Registrar: wo dukaan jahan se tum kharidte ho

ICANN ki glossary registrar ko aisi sanstha batati hai jiske through log aur companies (registrants) domain names register karte hain. Registration ke dauraan registrar dekhta hai ki maanga hua naam registry ki requirements poori karta hai ya nahi, aur phir naam ko sahi registry operator ke paas bhej deta hai.

## Domain lete waqt kya hota hai: step by step

1. Tum registrar (dukaan) par apna naam dhoondhte aur register karte ho. Registration par tum registrar ke saath contract karte ho.
2. Registrar dekhta hai ki naam us ending ki registry ki requirements poori karta hai.
3. Registrar naam ko sahi registry tak bhej deta hai.
4. Registry us ending ke master database mein naam rakhti hai.
5. Tumhe us naam ko ek ya zyada saal ke liye use karne ka haq milta hai, aur wo haq renew kiya ja sakta hai.

## Paisa kahan jaata hai?

Reel mein humne ek mota dhancha dikhaya: tumhare paise ka ek hissa registry ka, ICANN ka ek chhota hissa, aur baaki registrar ka. Dhyan rakho, ye sirf dhancha hai. Humne ICANN ke fee pages se koi amount ya percentage pakka nahi kiya, isliye is guide mein koi rupaya ya percentage nahi likha. Asli bantwara registrar aur ending ke hisaab se alag ho sakta hai.

> **Sirf dhancha, rate nahi**
>
> - Registry ka hissa, ICANN ka chhota hissa, baaki registrar ka.
> - Exact amount ya percentage hamne official page se verify nahi kiya.
> - Isliye koi number mat maan lena, registrar ka price page dekho.

## Domain kharidte nahi, haq lete ho

MDN saaf likhta hai ki tum domain name "buy" nahi kar sakte. Tum ek ya zyada saal ke liye use karne ka haq lete ho. Tum is haq ko renew kar sakte ho, aur renewal ko doosron ki application se zyada priority milti hai. Par tum us domain ke malik kabhi nahi hote.

- Haq kuch saal ke liye milta hai.
- Renew karke use jaari rakha ja sakta hai.
- Malik nahi, sirf use karne ka haq tumhara hota hai (kiraye ke flat jaisa).

## Mera tip: registrar badal sakte ho, registry nahi

Registry ending se juda hota hai (ek ending ka master database ek registry rakhti hai), jabki registrar tumhara chunav hota hai. IN Registry ke page ke hisaab se .IN names kai registrars se mil jaate hain. Isliye meri salah: kharidne se pehle sirf pehle saal ka rate nahi, renewal price bhi dekho. Ye advice hai, guarantee nahi. Registrar badalne ke rules us registrar ke terms mein dekho.

## Banaya hua example

Maan lo Priya apni bakery ke liye ek .in naam leni chahti hai (ye banaya hua example hai). Wo ek registrar, yaani dukaan, par naam dhoondhti hai aur register karti hai. Registrar dekhta hai ki naam .in registry ki requirements poori karta hai, phir use .in ki registry tak bhejta hai. Registry apne .in master database mein wo naam rakhti hai. Priya ko us naam ko ek ya zyada saal ke liye use karne ka haq milta hai. Jab renew karne ka samay aaye, to renewal price dobara dekhna padega.

## Lene se pehle: khud bharne wala template

| Banaya hua template (khud bharo) | Registrar 1 | Registrar 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ending (.com ya .in) | ... | ... |
| Pehle saal ka price | ... | ... |
| Renewal price | ... | ... |
| Kitne saal ka haq | ... | ... |
| Registrar ke terms padhe? | ... | ... |

## Aam galtiyan

- ICANN ko "supreme court" samajhna. Uske page ke hisaab se wo coordinate karti hai aur policy banati hai.
- Registry aur registrar ko ek hi cheez samajhna. Registry ending ka master database hai, registrar wo dukaan hai jahan se tum lete ho.
- Sirf pehle saal ka price dekhna aur renewal price na dekhna.
- Sochna ki domain khareed liya, ab hamesha apna rahega. Asal mein use karne ka haq milta hai.
- Koi bhi bantwara percentage maan lena. Humne koi exact percentage verify nahi kiya.

## Checklist

- Pata hai ki ICANN, registry aur registrar alag alag hain.
- Ending chuni: .com, .in, ya kuch aur.
- Registrar ka pehle saal ka price dekha.
- Registrar ka renewal price bhi dekha.
- Pata hai ki ye ek ya zyada saal ka use karne ka haq hai, malkiyat nahi.
- Registrar ke terms padhe.

> **Yaad rakho**
>
> - Sabse upar ICANN: rulebook wali, court nahi.
> - Beech mein registry: har ending ka master database.
> - Neeche registrar: wo dukaan jahan se tum kharidte ho.
> - Domain ka haq milta hai, malkiyat nahi. Renewal price pehle dekho.

## Aage padhne ke liye (official sources)

- [ICANN: What ICANN Is and Does](https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/what-2012-02-25-en)
- [ICANN glossary: Registry Operator](https://www.icann.org/en/icann-acronyms-and-terms/registry-operator-en)
- [ICANN glossary: Registrar](https://www.icann.org/en/icann-acronyms-and-terms/registrar-en)
- [ICANN glossary: Registrant](https://www.icann.org/en/icann-acronyms-and-terms/registrant-en)
- [IN Registry: About Registry](https://www.registry.in/about-registry)
- [MDN: What is a domain name?](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Web_mechanics/What_is_a_domain_name)

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